Ambrosiana O39sup Processing Notes

Ordered in sequence of folio number (recto)

See also:

• C73inf
• F130sup

Overall Status Update TRH 7/6/2017

Both sides of five folios (ten pages) of Ambrosiana O39sup (Origen's Hexapla) were captured February 2, 2017. The folios were selected from recommendations of significant folios by Ben Kantor (BPK). The images were processed with the Spectral RTI Toolkit to create raking light and WebRTI images. The color processing includes Accurate Color and Extended Spectrum from the Spectral RTI Toolkit, and custom processes from Keith Knox and Nicole Polglaze. The images labeled KTK02 and KTK03 utilized Keith Knox's Pseudocolor and Sharpie routines respectively. The images labeled NAP were custom processed by Nicole Polglaze under the direction of Roger Easton. The major tools used for custom processing were blur and divide (BAD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and hue rotation.

Ben Kantor suggested particular areas in the first column (transcription from Hebrew to Greek) with difficult or crucial readings. The spectral processing techniques, especially the custom processes done by Nicole Polglaze were very succesful when the impediment was erasure or erasure and overwriting. There is little or no hope when the text is covered with heavy decorative patterns or simply cut away. The Gioberti tincture used by Mercati was particularly destructive. It appears blue in the accurate color images. When no text is visible in accurate color the linear transformations (PCA and ICA) did not improve legibility.

In most cases Mercati swabbed the tincture over an entire area where a letter or word might be. In some cases he drew fine lines which can be mistaken for original ink strokes. The processed images excel at making similar materials look similar and different materials look different. For example, on page 81 in the NAP02 color processing, tincture appears light blue and erased text as dark red. In the letters σε in this image ()the erased text is visible along with the reagent. However, elsewhere on the same page, where Mercati reads ιριβι, the iotas appear only in light blue and not at all in dark red (). The raking light images show the rule lines, so it is certain a letter was there and likely that a iota is the best fit, but any trace of the original ink has been destroyed and the visible marking in the shape of a letter iota is entirely the result of Mercati "writing" with tincture and not evidence of an original letter.

Ambrosiana_O39sup_001

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Secondary significance, other side is 008

Initial processing (NAP 6/7/17)

NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_001_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_PCA_R-b1_G-b2_B+b8_u-80.tif

NAP02

Ambrosiana_O39sup_001_W365+W385_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R-b2(365)_G+b4(385)_B+b4(365)_u-120_reagent.tif

Unfortunately, the undertext of this leaf was quite difficult to uncover so the results aren't as clear as those of previous images. I can certainly work more on this leaf if this isn't clear enough. Please note that one of the images is for the small section that was damaged by reagent and the other image is for the rest of the leaf. The undertext beneath the reagent damage was particularly hard to uncover so it only comes through in patches.

Feedback TRH 6/7/2017

Impressive progress with the reagent. For reference, here is a series of details of the phrase “γῆς εἰς αἰῶνα” at coordinates x,y,w,h=1875,4566,876,148

Scholarly notes from BPK 6/9/2017

First column of undertext, eight word down. Reading is unclear, but I read: ϊασο̣ υ̣̊ α̣ θι̣̊ .

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=992,3324,700,220
NAP01
KTK Pseudo

Ambrosiana_O39sup_008

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Important

Initial processing (NAP 6/2/17)

NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_008_b01-14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R+b1_G-b2_B+b4.tif

NAP02

Ambrosiana_O39sup_008_b01-14_F_cal_PCA_R-b1_G+b2_B+b11_u-31.tif

NAP03

Ambrosiana_O39sup_008_W365_W385_W400_W455_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R-b5_G-b1_B+b2_u+110.tif

Two of the images are fluorescent bands that underwent blur and divide and PCA. The other image is made from reflective bands that only underwent a PCA.

Feedback TRH 6/6/2017

I added the first two images to the IIIF manifest (LINK) and the third is online through direct link: (LINK)

Following are full resolution diffuse illumination details of the moderately difficult reading "συνθηκην μου" at x,y,w,h=2520,2800,900,360:
Accurate Color
Extended Spectrum
KTK Pseudocolor
KTK Sharpie
NAP01
NAP02
NAP03

The point that surprises is me is that the parchment noise is most distracting in NAP03 (with Blur And Divide) and least distracting in NAP02 (without Blur and Divide). Perhaps we don't assume that BAD helps for this manuscript? Or is it a matter of reflective vs. fluorescence?

The greatest challenges in other regions occur when the new ink is written directly over the old ink.

Scholarly notes BPK 6/9/2017

First column of undertext, third word down. Reading is unclear, but I read: ουλω α̣ ̣̊σ̣̊σακερ
First column of undertext, fourth word down. Reading is unclear, but I read: βα̣̊ μουναθι

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=1610,2296,1224,448
KTK Pseudo
NAP Pseudo

First column of undertext, twelfth word down. Reading is unclear, but I read: βε̣̊ κοδσι̣̊

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=1814,4096,644,220
KTK Pseudo
NAP02

Additional Processing NAP 6/13/2017

Ambrosiana_O39sup_027

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Secondary significance, other side is 030

Initial processing (NAP 6/5/17)

NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_027_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R+b1_G-b2_B-b3_u-117_non-reagent-side.tif

NAP02

Ambrosiana_O39sup_027_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R-b7_G+b4_B+b6_u+117_reagent-side.tif

Half of this leaf was damaged by reagent so I have one image for the reagent side and another for the other side. Both are using reflective bands, after blur and divide and PCA.

Feedback TRH 6/6/2017

Everything is in the IIIF manifest (LINK). Here is a relatively clear phrase that spans the reagent treatment (των οικων αυτων) at x,y,w,h=3614,4025,1150,200:

The reagent is very interesting here, especially since we have continuous words spanning the divide. It would be good to develop a typology of reagents and their properties. This one seems to belong in the category of conquerable reagents.

Scholarly notes BPK 6/9/2017)

First column of undertext, sixth word down. I read: ιο̊βαδου. There second letter seems to be an ο, but it perhaps could be something else. The stroke(s) are strange.

The coordiantes are x,y,w,h=1712,3091,516,140
KTK Pseudo
NAP01

First column of the undertext, the very bottom word. Part of it is cut off. I read: **λ.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=1800,5860,568,196
KTK Pseudo
NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_030

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Important

Initial processing (NAP 6/7/17)

NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_030_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R+b2_G+b2_B+b2_u+125.tif

NAP02

Ambrosiana_O39sup_030_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R+b2_G+b2_B+b1.tif

NAP03

Ambrosiana_O39sup_030_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R-b1_G+b2_B+b2.tif

Feedback TRH 6/7/2017

This page is clear when it's clear, but I selected the following detail to illustrate separation from overtext. The coordinates are x,y,w,h=5591,3042,1038,180. The text is ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πλούσιο(σ).

As Keith has mentioned before, the “embossed” effect in the sharpie is indeed distracting. Nicole's images are similar to each other but all very good.

Scholarly notes BPK 6/9/2017

First column of undertext, first word down. I read: εωση̊ β. However, it is not clear if the fourth letter is an η or an ε. Moreover, there may be an additional final letter after the β.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=1072,2061,494,182
KTK Pseudo
NAP02

First column of undertext, tenth word down. Quite unclear after the first three letters, but I read: ουαγη̊ *. Not sure if it is ουαγηθ, ουαγιθ, ουαγειθ, but should probably be one of those.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=1081,3882,494,182
KTK Sharpie
NAP02

Additional Processing NAP 6/16/2017

Ambrosiana_O39sup_060

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Both sides 060 and 061 marked as important

Initial processing NAP (20170608)

As usual, I did blur and divide and PCA on these. You mentioned in one of your comments that the parchment noise was distracting on some of my images and I have definitely found that it is noisier from fluorescent bands. The images I've given you this time are only from reflective bands.

NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_060_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R-b1_G+b2_B+b2_u-117.tif

NAP02

Ambrosiana_O39sup_060_W365_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R+b5_G+b3_B+b3_u+180.tif

Scholarly notes BPK 6/9/2017

First column of undertext, eleventh word down. I read: ωση̊ . The question is regarding the final letter if it is an ε or an η. I think it is an η.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=2007,4113,332,140
NAP01

First column of undertext, eleventh [seventeenth] word down. I read: α̊ ̣ ̣μ̣μ̣̊ ιαλιμ. The fourth letter is difficult.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=2005,5261,822,228
Accurate Color
NAP01

Additional Processing NAP 6/16/2017

Ambrosiana_O39sup_061

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Both sides 060 and 061 marked as important

Initial processing NAP (20170609)

One of the images is of reflective bands, using blur and divide and PCA. The other two are fluorescent bands, using blur and divide and ICA. This time around, I performed a median transformation on the fluorescent bands and it seems to have helped.

NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_061_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA_R+b1_G+b2_B-b3_u-113_Bi.tif

NAP02

Ambrosiana_O39sup_061_W365+W385_F_med_cal+box41+101_bad_ICA_R+b3(385+101)_G+b4(385+41)_B+b3(365+41)_u+180.tif

NAP03

Ambrosiana_O39sup_061_W385_F_med_cal+box101_bad_ICA.tif

Scholarly notes BPK 6/9/2017

First column of undertext, second word down. I read: τοῦβ̣ α̣ χ̣ *̣ Not sure if there is additional letter.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=831,2316,558,144
NAP01

First column of undertext, fourth and fifth words down. I read: σαφ̣ α̣ ν̣θ̣α̣ | λειρ̣η̣̊α̣ χ̣ .

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=793,2655,752,452
Accurate Color
NAP01

First column of undertext, last seven words on the page. I read: φαναχ̣ | μ*ρ̣̊ ο̣̊ χση | εις | θεσ̣̊φ*̣ν̣̊εμ̣ | βε̊ σ̣̊ ο̣̊ χχα | μριβη | λ̣ ̣ σ̣̊ω̣ νωθ. Especially important are third and fourth words from the bottom: θεσ̣̊φ*̣ν̣̊εμ̣ (difficulty with fifth letter) | βε̊ σ̣̊ ο̣̊ χχα (difficulty with second letter).

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=788,4712,1204,1368
Accurate Color
[because of the heavy reagent none of the processed images available 6/11/2017 are better than accurate color]

Ambrosiana_O39sup_066

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Not marked as important but imaged for sake of other side, 067

Initial processing NAP (20170613)

Both images are a combination of bands from the ICA and PCA of the reflective bands. They both underwent blur and divide. None of the fluorescent bands gave me anything to work with. Also, is there any chance this leaf is from another undertext document? It is not in the column format, although the undertext handwriting looks similar.
Ambrosiana_O39sup_066_b01-b14_F_cal+box41+box101_bad_ICA+PCA_R+b2(101+PCA)_G+b2(41+PCA)_B+b7(101+ICA)_u-115.tif
Ambrosiana_O39sup_066_b01-b14_F_cal+box41+box101_bad_ICA+PCA_R+b7(101+ICA)_G+b2(101+PCA)_B+b2(41+PCA).tif

Ambrosiana_O39sup_067

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Important

Initial Processing NAP (20170615)

These were all created by using reflective bands that underwent blur and divide as well as either PCA or ICA.
Ambrosiana_O39sup_067_b01-b14_F_cal+box41+box101_bad_PCA+ICA_R+b8(101+ICA)_G+b2(101+PCA)_B+b2(41+PCA)_u+54.tif

Ambrosiana_O39sup_078

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Not marked as important but imaged for sake of other side, 081

Processing NAP

I have uploaded images of Leaf 078 to the Loading Dock. Both are from reflective bands after blur and divide. Both are a combination of bands after PCA and ICA.
Ambrosiana_O39sup_078_b1-b14_F_cal+box101_bad_PCA+ICA_R+b7(ICA)_G+b2(PCA)_B+b2(PCA)_u+66.tif
Ambrosiana_O39sup_078_b1-b14_F_cal+box41_bad_PCA+ICA_R+b7(ICA)_G+b2(PCA)_B+b2(PCA)_u+60.tif

Ambrosiana_O39sup_081

Importance notes (BPK 1/17/17)

Important

Scholarly notes BPK 6/9/2017

First column of undertext, about halfway down the page (see PDF with marking). I read: ιριβιάϊ.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=1652,2240,820,210
Accurate Color
KTK Pseudo
NAP01
NAP02

First column of undertext, final three words (see PDF with marking). I read: ουσε̣̊ ´ννα ουκουμ` βαα̣̊ ζρα´θ̊ι. The final word βαα̣̊ ζρα´θ̊ι has an unclear third letter. I think it might be α but it could be ε.

The coordinates are x,y,w,h=1681,3371,866,676.
Accurate Color
KTK Pseudo
KTK Sharpie
NAP01
NAP02

Processing NAP

Two were created using blur and divide and PCA while the other two were created using blur and divide and ICA. Let me know if I can make them any clearer!

NAP01

Ambrosiana_O39sup_081_b1-b14_F_cal+box41+101_bad_ICA_R+b7(41)_G+b7(101)_B+b7(101).tif

Ambrosiana_O39sup_081_b1-b14_F_cal+box41+101_bad_ICA_R+b7(101)_G+b7(101)_B+b7(41).tif is similar

NAP02

Ambrosiana_O39sup_081_b1-b14_F_cal+box41+101_bad_PCA_R+b2(41)_G+b2(101)_B+b2(101).tif

Ambrosiana_O39sup_081_b1-b14_F_cal+box41+101_bad_PCA_R+b2(101)_G+b2(101)_B+b2(41).tif is similar

Details in with importance notes above